Where a signer may be located during an online notarization, by state
Where the signer may physically be during the session, including the conditions most states attach to signing from outside the United States.
Researched from primary sources for 45 of 51 jurisdictions and last reviewed 2026-08-31. Each value links the statute, rule, or Secretary of State page it came from, and is reported as that source states it. This describes what the law says; it is not legal advice.
| Jurisdiction | Status | Signer location |
|---|---|---|
| AlaskaAKReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be outside Alaska; outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official/entity or U.S. property, and is not barred by that foreign state (AS 44.50.075(b)(4)) AS 44.50.075(b)(4)(summary) |
| ArizonaAZReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Yes, anywhere including outside Arizona; outside the U.S. only if the record relates to a U.S. court/official/entity or involves U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction, and signing isn't barred by that foreign state A.R.S. §41-263(B)(4)(summary) |
| ArkansasARReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | The online notary must be physically in Arkansas, but the signer may be anywhere, including outside the U.S.; for a signer outside the U.S., the record must tie to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction and the act must not be barred by that foreign state's law Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-309(a)(1), (3), (4)(summary) |
| ColoradoCOReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the notary knows of no local prohibition and the signer confirms the record relates to a U.S. court or governmental matter, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5(2)(a)(summary) |
| DelawareDEReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be outside Delaware; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the foreign state's law 29 Del. C. § 4320(c)(4)(summary) |
| District of ColumbiaDCReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Not limited to D.C. or the U.S. while inside a state; if outside every state, the record must involve U.S.-jurisdiction property/matter, and the act must not be barred by that foreign state (§ 1-1231.13a(b)(4)) D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a(b)(4)(summary) |
| FloridaFLReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | The notary performs from Florida, and the act counts regardless of whether the signer or witnesses are physically in the state Fla. Stat. § 117.209(3)(summary) |
| HawaiiHIReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be outside Hawaii; may be outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official, U.S.-located property, or an FDIC-insured bank, and the act isn't prohibited by the foreign state's law HRS §456-23(a), (b)(4)(summary) |
| IdahoIDReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Not limited to Idaho. Outside the U.S. allowed only if the record involves a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and isn't barred by the foreign state's law (§51-114A(3)(d)) Idaho Code §51-114A(3)(d)(summary) |
| IllinoisILReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the record is headed to a U.S. court or public official, involves U.S. property, or is a U.S.-connected transaction 5 ILCS 312/3-105(b)-(c)(summary) |
| IndianaINReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Signer may be anywhere — in Indiana, outside Indiana but within the U.S., or outside the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the requested act must not be prohibited there and must involve a U.S. court, governmental entity, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction. The remote notary, by contrast, must always be physically inside Indiana. "Location of the Remote Notary and Principal", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State(summary) |
| IowaIAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Yes, anywhere in the U.S.; outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official or U.S. property/transaction, and the act isn't prohibited by the foreign state where the signer is located (Iowa Code 9B.14A(3)(d)) Iowa Code 9B.14A(3)(d); Iowa SOS Handbook (2023), “Jurisdiction,” p.13(summary) |
| KansasKSReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S., and outside it when the record is for a U.S. court or public official, or involves U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction K.S.A. 53-5a15(b)(4)(summary) |
| KentuckyKYReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | No Kentucky-residency requirement stated for the signer; a signer outside the U.S. is allowed only if the record relates to a U.S. court/official matter or U.S. property/transaction, and the signer's foreign state doesn't prohibit the act (KRS 423.455(2)(d)) KRS 423.455(2)(d); KRS 423.300(21)(summary) |
| LouisianaLAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be located in or outside Louisiana; the statute does not address signing from outside the U.S. R.S. 35:626(A)(summary) |
| MaineMEReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | No in-state requirement for signers; outside the U.S. is narrower, allowed only where the record ties to a U.S. court, official, property, or transaction and the foreign state does not bar the act. 4 M.R.S. § 1915(3)(D)(summary) |
| MarylandMDReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S. (only the notary must be in Maryland); outside it only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214(a), (a)(4)(summary) |
| MassachusettsMAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere outside the notary's physical presence, including outside Massachusetts; outside the U.S. only for a U.S.-connected record, unless the foreign state prohibits the act M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(b); § 1 (definition of 'remotely-located individual')(summary) |
| MichiganMIReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Not addressed by geography — appearing through an approved platform's live audio-video technology counts as being in the notary's presence, with no in-state or U.S. requirement stated MCL 55.263(k)(ii); MCL 55.286b(summary) |
| MinnesotaMNReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be outside Minnesota anywhere in the U.S. with no extra condition stated; outside the U.S. only if the notary has no actual knowledge the act is prohibited there and the signer confirms a U.S. court/property/transaction connection Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 3(a)(1)-(3) |
| MissouriMOReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Signer may be in Missouri, elsewhere in the U.S., or outside the U.S. if electronic notarization is not prohibited in that jurisdiction at the time of the act RSMo 486.1155.2(summary) |
| MontanaMTReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Statute does not confine the signer to Montana. If the signer is outside the U.S., the short-form certificate requires the record to relate to a U.S. court/governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction (§1-5-610(9)-(10), MCA). §1-5-610(9)-(10), MCA(summary) |
| NebraskaNEReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be outside Nebraska, since § 64-411(1) allows the act regardless of whether the principal is physically in-state; the Act does not separately address signers located outside the U.S. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-411(1)(summary) |
| NevadaNVReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be outside Nevada anywhere in the U.S.; outside the U.S. only if the notary has no knowledge the act is prohibited there and the document ties to a U.S. court/agency, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction NRS 240.1993(1)(summary) |
| New HampshireNHReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Not restricted to New Hampshire (only the notary must be located in-state); signing from outside the U.S. is allowed only if the record involves a U.S. official/court or U.S. property/transaction, and the foreign state does not prohibit the act RSA 456-B:6-a, III and III(d)(summary) |
| New JerseyNJReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere, including outside New Jersey — the act is deemed performed in New Jersey; outside the U.S. only for a U.S.-connected record, and not where the foreign state prohibits the act N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(q)(1) and (d)(4) [P.L.2021, c.179, §19.q(1) and §19.d(4)](summary) |
| New MexicoNMReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be outside New Mexico; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official or U.S.-connected property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the foreign state where the signer is located NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-5(C)(4)(summary) |
| New YorkNYReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | The notary must be in New York; the signer may be anywhere, and a signer outside the U.S. confirms on the recording that the record relates to a U.S. court, official, property or a U.S.-connected transaction N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(4)(a); 19 NYCRR 182.4(a)(3), (9)(summary) |
| North CarolinaNCReviewed 2026-08-24 | Out-of-state notary path | EVN (current): signer must verify they are physically present in NC (G.S. 10B-25(c)). RON (not live): signer anywhere in US, or overseas if military/embassy (G.S. 10B-134.1(10)). G.S. 10B-25(c); G.S. 10B-134.1(10)(summary) |
| North DakotaNDReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Not limited to ND signers; if the signer is outside the U.S., the record must involve a U.S. court/official/entity or U.S. property/transaction, and must not be prohibited by the foreign state's law (§44-06.1-13.1(3)(d)) N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1(3)(d)(summary) |
| OhioOHReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the act is not known to be prohibited where the signer is, and the record is U.S.-connected (a U.S. court or government filing, or U.S. property) R.C. 147.64(D)(summary) |
| OklahomaOKReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be outside Oklahoma or outside the U.S.; an outside-U.S. signer requires a U.S.-connected record and no notary knowledge that the foreign state prohibits the act 49 O.S. § 205(1)-(3) |
| OregonORReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Signer may be outside Oregon and outside the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the record must involve a U.S. court/official or U.S.-connected property/transaction, and signing must not be barred by that foreign state ORS 194.277(3)(d)(summary) |
| PennsylvaniaPAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere outside the notary's physical presence, including outside Pennsylvania; outside the U.S. only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or property, or a U.S.-connected transaction, and the foreign state does not prohibit the act 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1(i), (b)(4)(summary) |
| Rhode IslandRIReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be outside Rhode Island; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the signer's foreign jurisdiction R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1(b)(4)(summary) |
| South CarolinaSCReviewed 2026-08-23 | Restricted | In the notary's physical presence — the principal must appear in person before the electronic notary at the time of notarization S.C. Code Ann. § 26-2-50(A)(1) |
| TennesseeTNReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Signer need not be in TN if the notary is (Sec. 8-16-310(a)); the notarization must tie to TN: real estate, a TN contract, TN debt, TN law, or a TN court filing (Sec. 8-16-307(3)) T.C.A. §§ 8-16-307(3), 8-16-310(a); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.03(2)(summary) |
| TexasTXReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | Anywhere, in or out of Texas — the statute applies regardless of whether the principal is physically located in the state Tex. Gov't Code § 406.110(a)(summary) |
| UtahUTReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Statute requires only that the remote notary be physically located in Utah at the time of the act; it states no location requirement for the signer, in Utah, elsewhere in the U.S., or abroad Utah Code § 46-1-3.6(1); § 46-1-2(23) ("remote notarization" defined)(summary) |
| VermontVTReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the act must be lawful there and the record must involve a U.S. court/official matter, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction 26 V.S.A. § 5379(b)(5); Admin. Rules for Notaries Public Pt. 8-4(summary) |
| VirginiaVAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Not limited by statute — the act is deemed performed in Virginia when the electronic notary is physically in the Commonwealth, wherever the signer is Va. Code § 47.1-13(D); see also § 47.1-11.1 (notary's in-state location requirement)(summary) |
| WashingtonWAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction, and the foreign jurisdiction does not prohibit the signing RCW 42.45.280(3)(d)(summary) |
| West VirginiaWVReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | No bar on signing from outside West Virginia; signing from outside the U.S. is allowed only if the notary is commissioned as an Out-of-State Commissioner and the record ties to a WV court, property, or transaction W. Va. Code §39-4-37(c)(4)(summary) |
| WisconsinWIReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May be anywhere in the U.S. (only the notary must be physically in Wisconsin); if outside the U.S., the record must involve U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction or U.S. official/court matter, and the foreign state's law must not prohibit the act Wis. Stat. § 140.145(3), (3)(d)1.b.(summary) |
| WyomingWYReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | May be in Wyoming, elsewhere in the U.S., or outside the U.S. if not prohibited by the foreign state and the record concerns a U.S. court/official matter, U.S. property, or a transaction substantially connected with the U.S. (W.S. 32-3-111(j)) W.S. 32-3-111(j)(summary) |
Not researched for this requirement
We have not established this value from a primary source for the following. That is a gap in our research, not a finding that the jurisdiction has no rule.
Compare another requirement
- In force sinceThe date the jurisdiction's remote online notarization provisions took effect, and the act that produced them.
- Identity verificationHow a remotely located signer's identity must be established: personal knowledge, credible witness, or credential analysis plus knowledge-based authentication.
- Notary fee capThe maximum a notary may charge per remote notarial act, where the jurisdiction sets one. This is the notary's statutory fee, not a platform price.
- Record retentionHow long the audio-visual recording and the notary's journal must be kept, and by whom.
- Document exclusionsDocument classes the jurisdiction places outside its remote online notarization provisions — most often wills and other estate-planning instruments.
All requirements side by side on the full comparison table, or download the CSV and JSON.