Remote online notarization laws by state
What each U.S. jurisdiction requires for a notarial act performed for a remotely located individual — when it took effect, what a notary may charge, how a signer’s identity must be established, how long the recording must be kept, where the signer may be, and which documents the state places outside its RON provisions.
Every value below quotes researched text and links the statute, administrative code, or Secretary of State page it came from. Values are reported as those sources state them. This page describes what the law says; it is not legal advice, and whether a particular document is acceptable is decided by the receiving office.
- jurisdictions covered
- 51
- authorize RON
- 43
- statute-cited values
- 351
- last reviewed
- 2026-08-31
Compare one requirement across every state
The full table is below. These break out a single requirement, which is usually the faster way to answer a specific question.
- In force sinceThe date the jurisdiction's remote online notarization provisions took effect, and the act that produced them.44 of 51 jurisdictions researched
- Identity verificationHow a remotely located signer's identity must be established: personal knowledge, credible witness, or credential analysis plus knowledge-based authentication.44 of 51 jurisdictions researched
- Signer locationWhere the signer may physically be during the session, including the conditions most states attach to signing from outside the United States.45 of 51 jurisdictions researched
- Notary fee capThe maximum a notary may charge per remote notarial act, where the jurisdiction sets one. This is the notary's statutory fee, not a platform price.45 of 51 jurisdictions researched
- Record retentionHow long the audio-visual recording and the notary's journal must be kept, and by whom.44 of 51 jurisdictions researched
- Document exclusionsDocument classes the jurisdiction places outside its remote online notarization provisions — most often wills and other estate-planning instruments.44 of 51 jurisdictions researched
All 51 jurisdictions
Jurisdiction names link to the full state guide. “Not researched” means we have not established that value from a primary source — it does not mean the state has no rule.
| Jurisdiction | Status | In force since | Governing law | Notary authorization | Identity verification | Signer location | Notary fee cap | Record retention | Document exclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlabamaAL | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| AlaskaAKReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | January 1, 2021, enacted by Enrolled HB 124 (2020) Enrolled HB 124 (2020), Sec. 21 | AS 44.50.060-44.50.078, 44.50.145, 44.50.200 (Notaries Public); rules at 6 AAC 88 (Notarizations) AS 44.50.075(f)-(g); 6 AAC 88 | Must notify the lt. governor before the first remote act, naming the tech used (AS 44.50.075(e)); in practice submitted as a written approval request AS 44.50.075(e)(summary) | Personal knowledge, oath from a credible witness, or government ID plus credential analysis and at least one type of identity proofing (AS 44.50.075(b)(1)) AS 44.50.075(b)(1)(summary) | May be outside Alaska; outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official/entity or U.S. property, and is not barred by that foreign state (AS 44.50.075(b)(4)) AS 44.50.075(b)(4)(summary) | No statutory cap on the amount, but AS 44.50.062(4) bars charging a fee unless a fee schedule was given to the signer beforehand AS 44.50.062(4)(summary) | Audiovisual recording kept at least 10 years by the notary or a designated repository (AS 44.50.075(d)); journal kept 10 years by the notary (AS 44.50.078(a)) AS 44.50.075(d); AS 44.50.078(a)(summary) | None named in the act - HB 124's notary sections (AS 44.50.060-.078, .145, .200) name no excluded document types Enrolled HB 124 (2020), Secs. 1-16 (AS 44.50.060-.078, .145, .200) |
| ArizonaAZReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | June 30, 2020 (S.B. 1030, Laws 2019, Ch. 56, §5) Laws 2019, Ch. 56 (S.B. 1030) §5 | A.R.S. Title 41, Ch. 2, Art. 1 (§§41-251-41-277, esp. §41-263 for remote acts); A.A.C. Title 2, Ch. 12, Art. 12 (R2-12-1201-1209) & Art. 13 (R2-12-1301-1309) Laws 2022, Ch. 66 (S.B. 1115) §1 (adding A.R.S. Title 41, Ch. 2, Art. 1) | Must hold an active AZ notary commission, then separately apply and receive written SOS authorization to perform RON, identifying the technology to be used; must notify SOS before the first RON act A.A.C. R2-12-1302(A)(1), R2-12-1304; A.R.S. §41-263(F) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness's oath/affirmation, or at least two different types of identity proofing (credential analysis plus a knowledge-based-authentication quiz under A.A.C. R2-12-1305) A.R.S. §41-263(B)(1); A.A.C. R2-12-1305(summary) | Yes, anywhere including outside Arizona; outside the U.S. only if the record relates to a U.S. court/official/entity or involves U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction, and signing isn't barred by that foreign state A.R.S. §41-263(B)(4)(summary) | No charge up to $10 per notarial act (acknowledgment/jurat, copy certification, or oath/affirmation) — same posted-fee cap applies to RON; the rule states no separate technology fee A.A.C. R2-12-1102(B),(E); A.R.S. §38-412(summary) | At least 5 years, held by the notary or a contracted depository (transfers to a depository or the Secretary of State if the notary dies or is incapacitated) A.A.C. R2-12-1308(A),(B),(D),(E); A.R.S. §41-263(E)(summary) | None named in the act A.R.S. §41-263; A.R.S. §41-273 |
| ArkansasARReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | April 29, 2021 — Act 1047 of 2021 (SB340) took effect on the date of the Governor's approval per its emergency clause, adding the online-notarization sections to the existing Electronic Notary Public Act Act 1047 of 2021 (SB340), § 10 (Emergency Clause); § 6 (Approval line)(summary) | Ark. Code Ann. §§ 21-14-301 to 21-14-314 (Arkansas Electronic Notary Public Act), with the online-notarization provisions at §§ 21-14-309 to 21-14-313; the Secretary of State may adopt rules under § 21-14-314. Ark. Code Ann. §§ 21-14-301–314; § 21-14-314 (Rules)(summary) | Must already be a commissioned AR notary in good standing, then register with the Secretary of State as an electronic/online notary (application, felony attestation, $20 filing fee), pass SOS-approved training and exam, and use an approved solution provider Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-304(a)–(b)(summary) | Notary's personal knowledge of the signer, or satisfactory evidence from a credible witness, or (together) remote presentation of a government-issued photo ID, credential analysis, and identity proofing Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-309(b)(2)(summary) | The online notary must be physically in Arkansas, but the signer may be anywhere, including outside the U.S.; for a signer outside the U.S., the record must tie to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction and the act must not be barred by that foreign state's law Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-309(a)(1), (3), (4)(summary) | No fixed statutory dollar cap for a notarial act, online included; the fee just has to be a reasonable amount the notary sets and that the client or principal discloses to and agrees on before the act Ark. Code Ann. § 21-6-309(a)(summary) | The electronic notary who performed the act keeps a secure electronic record (including the audio-visual recording) plus a backup, retained for at least 5 years after the transaction Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-310(a), (c)(summary) | None named in Ark. Code Ann. §§ 21-14-301–314 (Electronic Notary Public Act) as read — no wills, trusts, or real-property carve-out found in the online-notarization sections Ark. Code Ann. §§ 21-14-301–314 (Electronic Notary Public Act) |
| CaliforniaCA | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| ColoradoCOReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | March 30, 2020 (Secretary of State emergency rule, 8 CCR 1505-11 Rule 5; SB 20-096 then made C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5 permanent, applying to conduct on or after that date) SB 20-096, Section 10 (Effective date - applicability), 2020 Colo. Sess. Laws; interim authorization under 8 CCR 1505-11 Rule 5 as adopted effective March 30, 2020(summary) | C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5 (remote notarization, RULONA Part 5), with §§ 24-21-519 (journal) and 24-21-529 (fees); Secretary of State rules at 8 CCR 1505-11, Rule 5 C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5; 8 CCR 1505-11, Rule 5 | Hold an active commission, complete the Secretary of State's remote-notary training and exam, be approved before any remote act, designate an approved remote notarization system provider, and renew remote status every four years or on the commission renewal date, whichever comes first 8 CCR 1505-11, Rule 5.2.1(a),(b),(d),(e)(summary) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or remote presentation and credential analysis of a government ID plus one of dynamic knowledge-based authentication, a public-key certificate, or third-party identity verification C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5(6)(a)-(b)(summary) | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the notary knows of no local prohibition and the signer confirms the record relates to a U.S. court or governmental matter, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5(2)(a)(summary) | $25 for the notary's own remote notarial act fee; the platform's technology fee is separate and not capped by the statute C.R.S. § 24-21-529(2), as cited on the Colorado SOS Notary Public FAQ (Remote notarization, Q20) | Audio-video recording securely stored for ten years by an approved system or storage provider; the electronic journal stays under the notary's sole control, subject to C.R.S. § 24-21-519 Colorado SOS Notary Public FAQ (Remote notarization, Q12); 8 CCR 1505-11, Rule 5.2.4(b),(d); C.R.S. §§ 24-21-514.5(9)(c), 24-21-519(summary) | Records relating to the electoral process, and wills, codicils or acknowledgments under C.R.S. § 15-11-502 or § 15-11-504 (narrow electronic-wills carve-out); real estate deeds are not excluded C.R.S. § 24-21-514.5(2)(b)(summary) |
| ConnecticutCT | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| DelawareDEReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | August 1, 2023 (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts, enacted 2022 by SB 262 / 83 Del. Laws, c. 425) 29 Del. C. § 4340(a) | 29 Del. C. Ch. 43, §§ 4301-4342 (Subch. I general notary law; Subch. II = RULONA / remote/electronic acts); no separate administrative rule chapter located on a primary source 29 Del. C. § 4315 | Must notify the DE Secretary of State before the first remote act and identify the technology/ies to be used; tech must meet any SOS-adopted standards 29 Del. C. § 4320(l) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or satisfactory evidence obtained by using at least 2 different types of identity proofing 29 Del. C. § 4320(c)(1)(summary) | May be outside Delaware; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the foreign state's law 29 Del. C. § 4320(c)(4)(summary) | $25 for a notarial act on an electronic record, or $5.00 on a tangible record; a notary may waive the fee; no separate technology fee named in the statute 29 Del. C. § 4311(a)-(b)(summary) | 10 years for both: the audio-visual recording, retained by the notarial officer (or an approved repository); the journal, retained by the notary (or transmitted to SOS/approved repository) 29 Del. C. §§ 4320(k), 4332(a) | None named in the act — RULONA defines "notarial act" and "record" generically and does not carve out wills, codicils, trusts, real property, or depositions 29 Del. C. § 4316(5), (10); reviewed alongside §§ 4317, 4318, 4320, 4340 |
| District of ColumbiaDCReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Sept. 21, 2022 by statute (D.C. Law 24-178, adding D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a); implementing DCMR rules (17 DCMR §§ 2416-2418, 2425) took final effect Nov. 3, 2023 D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a (enactment note)(summary) | D.C. Code §§ 1-1231.01 et seq. (Ch. 12A, Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts); remote-act rules at 17 DCMR §§ 2416-2418, 2420, 2422, 2425 (Ch. 24, Notaries Public) D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a; 17 DCMR § 2416, § 2425 | Before the first remote act, notary must notify ONCA in writing, name the technology used, and meet the 17 DCMR §§ 2417-2418 identity/technology standards 17 DCMR § 2416.1 | Personal knowledge, credible-witness oath, or 2 types of identity proofing — credential analysis plus a dynamic knowledge-based authentication assessment (§ 1-1231.13a(b)(1); 17 DCMR § 2417.1) D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a(b)(1); 17 DCMR § 2417.1(summary) | Not limited to D.C. or the U.S. while inside a state; if outside every state, the record must involve U.S.-jurisdiction property/matter, and the act must not be barred by that foreign state (§ 1-1231.13a(b)(4)) D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a(b)(4)(summary) | $25.00 maximum per remote notarial act, separate from copying costs and, if agreed in advance, a travel fee (17 DCMR § 2425.1, § 2425.4, § 2425.5) 17 DCMR § 2425.1(summary) | A/V recording: at least 10 yrs, held by the notary or a designated repository (§ 1-1231.13a(j); 17 DCMR § 2420.2). Journal: kept until commission ends, then sent to ONCA (17 DCMR § 2422.1) D.C. Code § 1-1231.13a(j); 17 DCMR § 2420.2, § 2422.1(summary) | None named in the act — § 1-1231.13a lists no excluded document types; 17 DCMR § 2429 ("Prohibited Acts") governs unauthorized practice of law, not document classes 17 DCMR § 2429 (Prohibited Acts); permitted remote acts at 17 DCMR § 2416.2 |
| FloridaFLReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | January 1, 2020 Ch. 2019-71, Laws of Fla. (H.B. 409) | Fla. Stat. §§ 117.201–117.305 (Online Notarizations, ch. 117 part II) Fla. Stat. § 117.209 | Not researched | Personal knowledge, or a government ID with credential analysis and identity proofing (knowledge-based authentication or another approved method) Fla. Stat. § 117.265(4)(summary) | The notary performs from Florida, and the act counts regardless of whether the signer or witnesses are physically in the state Fla. Stat. § 117.209(3)(summary) | Up to $25 for the online notarial act — the RON platform's own technology fee is separate, outside this cap Fla. Stat. § 117.275(summary) | At least 10 years for the electronic journal and the audio-video recording Fla. Stat. § 117.245 | Solemnizing the rites of matrimony — the one act part II carves out; wills and similar documents instead get added witnessing safeguards under § 117.285 Fla. Stat. § 117.209(1) |
| GeorgiaGA | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| HawaiiHIReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | January 1, 2021 (Act 54, Session Laws of Hawaii 2020 — the enacted form of S.B. 2275 of the 2020 Regular Session — enacting HRS §§456-23 to 456-27) AG Notary Office FAQ, Q2 (re: Act 54, SLH 2020) | HRS ch. 456, pt. II, §§456-23 to 456-27 (RON, enacted by Act 54 SLH 2020); HAR tit. 5, ch. 5-11, subch. 7, §§5-11-61 to 5-11-73 (RON rules, eff. 2/27/2022) HAR tit. 5, ch. 5-11, Subchapter 7 table of contents | Must already hold a Hawaii notary commission, then apply for and obtain a separate 'remote online notary public' commission from the Attorney General (own exam), and notify the AG of the technology used before the first act HAR §5-11-61; §5-11-62(a)-(b); HRS §456-23(f)(summary) | Personal knowledge, or oath/affirmation of a credible witness, or two different types of identity proofing (credential analysis plus knowledge-based authentication) HRS §456-23(b)(1); HAR §§5-11-69, 5-11-70(summary) | May be outside Hawaii; may be outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official, U.S.-located property, or an FDIC-insured bank, and the act isn't prohibited by the foreign state's law HRS §456-23(a), (b)(4)(summary) | $25 per notarial act performed for a remotely located individual, which replaces the itemized in-person fees; no separate technology fee is listed in the statute. HRS §456-17(8)(summary) | Journal (tangible/electronic) and, for RON, the audiovisual recording each retained 10 years after the last act recorded; held by the notary public or an AG-approved repository HRS §456-15(a), §456-23(e); HAR §5-11-73(f)(summary) | None named in HRS ch. 456 pt. II itself (read in full, no carve-out); but wills, codicils, and testamentary trusts fall outside Hawaii's electronic transactions law, HRS §489E-3(b)(1), which governs electronic/RON records HRS §489E-3(b)(1)(summary) |
| IdahoIDReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | January 1, 2020, enacted by 2019 Senate Bill 1111 (2019 Idaho Sess. Laws ch. 160) S.B. 1111 (2019), Section 7 (effective-date clause) | Idaho Code Title 51, ch. 1 (RULONA 2018), §§ 51-101 et seq., esp. § 51-114A; admin rule IDAPA 34.07.01 IDAPA 34.07.01 § 000 (Legal Authority); Idaho Code Title 51, ch. 1(summary) | Must be a commissioned notary (§51-121), SOS-authorized for electronic notarization, and file notice/application naming the technology used (IDAPA 011; §51-114A(7)) IDAPA 34.07.01.011; Idaho Code §51-114A(7)(summary) | Personal knowledge (§51-107(1)), oath/affirmation from a credible witness (§51-107(2)), or 2 types of identity proofing incl. credential analysis + KBA (IDAPA 013) Idaho Code §51-114A(3)(a); IDAPA 34.07.01.013-014(summary) | Not limited to Idaho. Outside the U.S. allowed only if the record involves a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and isn't barred by the foreign state's law (§51-114A(3)(d)) Idaho Code §51-114A(3)(d)(summary) | $5.00 max per notarial act, plus reasonable travel expense (§51-133); a technology/storage provider's fee is separate and uncapped (IDAPA 34.07.01.017) Idaho Code §51-133(1)-(2); IDAPA 34.07.01.017(summary) | Audio-visual recording is mandatory, kept ≥10 years by the notary (or guardian/agent/contracted repository) (§51-114A(6)); a session journal is optional, not required (IDAPA 016.01) Idaho Code §51-114A(6); IDAPA 34.07.01.016(summary) | None named in the act S.B. 1111 (2019) full text; IDAPA 34.07.01 full text |
| IllinoisILReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | June 5, 2023 (Article VI-A, added by P.A. 102-160 — the enacted form of S.B. 2664 of the 102nd General Assembly; in effect once the Secretary of State's rules were adopted) 5 ILCS 312/6A-104, Source note (P.A. 102-160, eff. 6-5-23) | 5 ILCS 312, Article VI-A (§§ 6A-101–6A-106), with §§ 2-102.7, 3-104, 3-105 and 3-107; rules at 14 Ill. Adm. Code Part 176 5 ILCS 312/Art. VI-A; 14 Ill. Adm. Code Part 176 | Hold an electronic notary commission, register the capability (and every new technology) with the Secretary of State before any electronic act, use a Secretary-approved platform, and carry an additional $25,000 bond ($30,000 combined) for audio-video acts 5 ILCS 312/2-102.7(a)–(b); 2-105(b); 2-107.2 | Personal knowledge, or remote presentation of a government photo ID plus credential analysis of both sides and a dynamic knowledge-based authentication assessment 5 ILCS 312/6A-103(b) | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the record is headed to a U.S. court or public official, involves U.S. property, or is a U.S.-connected transaction 5 ILCS 312/3-105(b)-(c)(summary) | Up to $25 per electronic notarial act, plus a reasonable fee for a copy of a journal entry or recording 5 ILCS 312/3-104(b)(summary) | At least 7 years for both the electronic journal entry and the audio-video recording, kept by the notary; to a depository or the Secretary of State only if the notary dies or is incapacitated 14 Ill. Adm. Code 176.960(a)-(b); 5 ILCS 312/6A-104(d) | None named in the act — Cook County residential deeds carry an extra notarial-record requirement, not an exclusion 5 ILCS 312/6A-103(c); cf. 5 ILCS 312/3-102 |
| IndianaINReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | March 31, 2020 — IC 33-42-17 was enacted by SEA 372 (P.L.59-2018), but IC 33-42-17-1(a), as amended by P.L.177-2019, applies the chapter only to remote notarial acts performed after the earlier of the implementing rule's effective date or July 1, 2020; the Secretary of State's rule (75 IAC 7) took effect March 31, 2020 IC 33-42-17-1(a); 75 IAC 7 (LSA Document #19-329), Final Rule DIGEST(summary) | IC 33-42 et seq., with remote notarial acts specifically at IC 33-42-17; implementing rules at Indiana Administrative Code Title 75, Article 7 "Controlling Authority" / "Resources", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State (Business Services Division) | A commissioned Indiana notary must separately apply to the Secretary of State for remote-notary authorization, complete a remote-notarization course, pass a remote notary exam, and select at least one Secretary-of-State-approved remote technology vendor "Remote Notary Application" and "Remote Technology Vendors", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State | Personal knowledge of the notary, OR a 3-step process (ID presentation with visual inspection, then credential analysis, then identity proofing/knowledge-based authentication), OR the oath of a credible witness "Identifying the Principal", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State(summary) | Signer may be anywhere — in Indiana, outside Indiana but within the U.S., or outside the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the requested act must not be prohibited there and must involve a U.S. court, governmental entity, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction. The remote notary, by contrast, must always be physically inside Indiana. "Location of the Remote Notary and Principal", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State(summary) | $25 maximum per remote notarial act, plus a reasonable (uncapped) additional fee for copies of the audiovisual recording or electronic journal entries "Remote Notarial Acts and Fees", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State(summary) | No specific number of years is stated in the SOS guide reviewed; the remote notary must keep the audiovisual recording and electronic journal under their own exclusive control indefinitely, and may not delete, destroy, or overwrite entries unless ordered by the Secretary of State or a court "Audiovisual Recording and Electronic Journal", Indiana Notary Public Guide, Ind. Secretary of State(summary) | Not researched |
| IowaIAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | July 1, 2020 — Iowa Code 9B.14A was enacted by 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 44, §6, 11 (SF 475); the Secretary of State's implementing rules (Iowa Admin. Code 721—43) took effect the same date, 7/1/2020 Iowa Admin. Code 721—43.1(9B) (ARC 5041C); Iowa Code 9B.14A enactment note (2019 Acts, ch 44, §6, 11) | Iowa Code ch. 9B, §§9B.1–9B.31 ("Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts (2018)"), esp. §9B.14A (remote acts) & §9B.14B (remote facilitator); Iowa Admin. Code 721—Ch. 43 (rules 43.1–43.11) Iowa Code 9B.1; ch. 9B generally; Iowa Admin. Code 721—Ch. 43 | Must already be a commissioned Iowa notary; before the first remote act, notify the Secretary of State and identify the technology used (§9B.14A(7)); complete SOS-approved training within the 6 months before that first act and file an additional application (IAC 721—43.5) Iowa Code 9B.14A(7); Iowa Admin. Code 721—43.5(1)-(3) | Personal knowledge (9B.7(1)), a credible witness under oath/affirmation (9B.7(2)), or at least two different types of identity proofing (9B.14A(3)(a)); since July 1, 2023 identity-proofing tech is not required if the notary personally knows the signer or the witness Iowa Code 9B.14A(3)(a); Iowa Admin. Code 721—43.9(summary) | Yes, anywhere in the U.S.; outside the U.S. only if the record involves a U.S. court/official or U.S. property/transaction, and the act isn't prohibited by the foreign state where the signer is located (Iowa Code 9B.14A(3)(d)) Iowa Code 9B.14A(3)(d); Iowa SOS Handbook (2023), “Jurisdiction,” p.13(summary) | No statutory cap — Iowa Code ch. 9B sets no dollar fee schedule for notarial acts; the Secretary of State's own guidance says a notary may charge only a "reasonable fee," with no set number Iowa SOS, Handbook for Iowa Notaries Public (2023), FAQ “Can I, as a notary, charge a fee?” | No statutory paper-journal mandate (SOS: Iowa law does not require a notary to keep one), but approved RON technology must include an electronic journal (IAC 721—43.9(1)(j)); the audio-visual recording of each remote act must be kept at least 10 years by the notary, the notary's agent, or a designated repository (9B.14A(6)) Iowa Code 9B.14A(6); Iowa Admin. Code 721—43.9(1)(j)(summary) | None named in the act Reviewed Iowa Code ch. 9B in full, §§9B.1–9B.31 (no document-type carve-out found); §9B.14A(11) expressly addresses real-property instruments notarized remotely |
| KansasKSReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | January 1, 2022, enacted by S.B. 106 (2021), which adopted the Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts K.S.A. 53-5a15(h) | K.S.A. 53-5a01–53-5a31 (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts) K.S.A. 53-5a01(a) | Not researched | Personal knowledge, a credible witness, or at least two types of identity proofing (such as credential analysis of a government ID) K.S.A. 53-5a15(b)(1)(summary) | Anywhere in the U.S., and outside it when the record is for a U.S. court or public official, or involves U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction K.S.A. 53-5a15(b)(4)(summary) | No statutory cap — the notary's fee, if any, must be disclosed to and agreed by the signer before the act K.A.R. 7-43-16(a)–(b)(summary) | At least 10 years K.S.A. 53-5a15(e) | None named in the act — it applies to notarial acts performed on or after January 1, 2022, with no subject-matter carve-out K.S.A. 53-5a03(a) |
| KentuckyKYReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | January 1, 2020, enacted as 2019 Ky. Acts ch. 86 (codified at KRS 423.300–423.455) KRS 423.455 (effective-date/history note) | KRS 423.300–423.455 (Kentucky's Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts); implementing rule 30 KAR 8:005 KRS Chapter 423, §§423.300–423.455; 30 KAR 8:005 | Must register w/ SOS before performing electronic notarizations (KRS 423.355(6); 30 KAR 8:005 §3(1)); before an initial remotely-located-individual act, must notify SOS and identify the technology used (KRS 423.455(6)) KRS 423.355(1)(c),(6); KRS 423.455(6); 30 KAR 8:005 Section 3(1)(summary) | Personal knowledge, OR credible-witness oath/affirmation, OR at least 2 different identity-proofing processes/services (KRS 423.455(2)(a)) KRS 423.455(2)(a)1.–3.(summary) | No Kentucky-residency requirement stated for the signer; a signer outside the U.S. is allowed only if the record relates to a U.S. court/official matter or U.S. property/transaction, and the signer's foreign state doesn't prohibit the act (KRS 423.455(2)(d)) KRS 423.455(2)(d); KRS 423.300(21)(summary) | No statutory dollar cap on the per-act fee; it must be disclosed in advance and comply with KRS 64.300, which is a narrow military-benefit-filing fee exemption, not a fee schedule (KRS 423.430(1)) KRS 423.430(1); KRS 64.300(summary) | Audio-visual recording and journal must be retained ≥10 years, held by the notary (or their guardian/conservator/agent/personal representative), or by a contracted repository (KRS 423.455(5); 30 KAR 8:005 §6(4)) KRS 423.455(5); 30 KAR 8:005 Section 6(4),(8)(summary) | None named in the act — KRS 423.310(1) lists permitted notarial acts (including depositions) with no carve-out for wills, trusts, or real property; KRS 423.435 affirmatively covers electronic real-property records KRS 423.310(1); KRS 423.435; full KRS 423.300–423.455 section list |
| LouisianaLAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | February 1, 2022, under the Remote Online Notarization Act (Acts 2020, No. 254 / HB 274) R.S. 35:625.1; Acts 2020, No. 254 | R.S. 35:621–35:630 (Remote Online Notarization Act, Acts 2020, No. 254); SOS rules under R.S. 35:624, elsewhere cited as LAC tit.46 Pt.XLVI Ch.1 (not confirmed on a live SOS page) R.S. 35:621–35:630; R.S. 35:624(summary) | Must apply to the SOS, complete required instruction, pay a $100 one-time fee, and stay validly commissioned; SOS may revoke RON authority R.S. 35:625.1 (application, instruction, commission, revocation); La. Secretary of State, RON Requirements page (one-time $100 filing fee)(summary) | Personal knowledge of the individual, OR credential analysis of a government-issued photo ID plus identity proofing (dynamic knowledge-based auth or biometric analysis) R.S. 35:627(A); R.S. 35:622(summary) | May be located in or outside Louisiana; the statute does not address signing from outside the U.S. R.S. 35:626(A)(summary) | No per-act fee cap found in R.S. 35:621–35:630 (definitions, authorization, procedure, duties, and records sections read directly); only dollar figure is a one-time $100 SOS registration fee, unrelated to signer fees R.S. 35:621–35:630 (fee not addressed in the Act)(summary) | At least 10 years for both the electronic record and the audio-visual recording, held by the notary or a designated custodian to whom the notary retains unrestricted access R.S. 35:629(summary) | Testaments/codicils; trust instruments or acknowledgments; donations inter vivos; matrimonial agreements or acknowledgments; acts modifying/waiving/extinguishing final spousal support obligations R.S. 35:623 |
| MaineMEReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | July 1, 2023 -- ch. 39 (RULONA) enacted by L.D. 2023 (H.P. 1503) as PL 2021, c. 651, Pt. A; the chapter 'takes effect July 1, 2023' per its own effective-date section. 4 M.R.S. § 1933 (Effective date); PL 2021, c. 651, Pt. A, §4 | 4 M.R.S. ch. 39 (§§1901-1933), Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts; remote notarization at §1915; implementing rule 29-250 C.M.R. ch. 700. 4 M.R.S. ch. 39, § 1915; 29-250 C.M.R. ch. 700 | Must file written notice with the Sec. of State before the first remote act, naming the approved tech provider(s) plus provider training certification; SOS must accept the notice. 29-250 C.M.R. ch. 700, § 6(8)(A)-(B); 4 M.R.S. § 1915(12) | Personal knowledge, OR a credible witness's oath/affirmation, OR at least 2 different types of identity proofing. 4 M.R.S. § 1915(3)(A)(1)-(3)(summary) | No in-state requirement for signers; outside the U.S. is narrower, allowed only where the record ties to a U.S. court, official, property, or transaction and the foreign state does not bar the act. 4 M.R.S. § 1915(3)(D)(summary) | No statutory dollar cap, but the notary must disclose the fee in writing and get the signer's written consent before performing the act. 29-250 C.M.R. ch. 700, § 2(5)(E)(summary) | Audio-visual recording: at least 10 years, held by the notarial officer or a designated repository. Journal: 10 years after the last entry, held by the notary. 4 M.R.S. § 1915(11); 4 M.R.S. § 1920(1) | No wills/trusts/real-property carve-out found. Barred instead: absentee ballots, candidate/petition oaths, election petitions, and remote marriage solemnization. 4 M.R.S. § 1915(16)-(17) |
| MarylandMDReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | October 1, 2020 (SB 678, 2019 — Ch. 407, Acts of 2019) 2019 Md. Laws ch. 407 (SB 678, 2019 Regular Session); Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214 | Md. Code, State Gov't Title 18 — § 18-214 (remote acts), § 18-107 (fees), § 18-219 (journal); COMAR 01.02.08 Md. Code, State Gov't §§ 18-107, 18-214, 18-219; COMAR 01.02.08.01, .07 | Notify the Secretary of State in writing before the first remote act, naming the technologies and any remote-notary vendor (vendor changes reported within 10 business days) Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214(k)(1); COMAR 01.02.08.07 | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or remote presentation of an identification credential plus credential analysis and identity proofing Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214(a)(1)(i)-(iii) | Anywhere in the U.S. (only the notary must be in Maryland); outside it only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214(a), (a)(4)(summary) | Up to $50 per remote notarial act (vs. $25 for an in-person act); no separate technology fee named Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-107(a)(1)-(2) | At least 10 years for the audio-visual recording (notary or designated repository) and 10 years for the journal after its last act Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214(j)(1), (j)(3); § 18-219 | None named in the act Md. Code, State Gov't § 18-214 (full section); COMAR 01.02.08.07 |
| MassachusettsMAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | January 1, 2024 (M.G.L. c. 222, §§ 27–29, inserted by St. 2023, c. 2, § 33; delayed effective date under § 85) St. 2023, c. 2, § 85 | M.G.L. c. 222 — §§ 27–29 (remote notarial acts, inserted by St. 2023, c. 2, § 33) with § 22 (journal and fees, as amended); no administrative rule chapter confirmed on a primary source St. 2023, c. 2, §§ 29–33; M.G.L. c. 222, §§ 22, 27–29(summary) | Register as a remote notary with the state secretary before the first remote act, identifying the communication technology; the secretary may require up to 3 hours of training M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(summary) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness who knows both notary and signer, or at least two different types of identity-proofing processes M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(a) | Anywhere outside the notary's physical presence, including outside Massachusetts; outside the U.S. only for a U.S.-connected record, unless the foreign state prohibits the act M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(b); § 1 (definition of 'remotely-located individual')(summary) | No per-act cap in the online-notarization statute; any technology services fee, and its amount, must be recorded in the journal M.G.L. c. 222, § 22(c); c. 262, § 41(summary) | Audio-visual recording 10 years (notary, representative or designated repository); the journal has no fixed term and is surrendered or destroyed only as directed by law, court order or regulation M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(f); § 22(summary) | Records related to the electoral process, and wills or codicils; residential real-property closings must be handled by an attorney or under attorney supervision M.G.L. c. 222, § 28(summary) |
| MichiganMIReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | March 2019 in practice — MCL 55.286b took effect September 30, 2018 (HB 5811, 2018 PA 330), was amended effective March 12, 2019 (2018 PA 360), and platforms could be approved by March 30, 2019 MCL 55.286b, History line and subsection (1)(summary) | Michigan Law on Notarial Acts, MCL 55.261–55.315 — MCL 55.286a (electronic) and 55.286b (remote platforms); Department of State standards for platform approval (March 2026), not an administrative-code chapter MCL 55.261 et seq.; MCL 55.286b; Dept. of State Standards document(summary) | Use only a remote electronic notarization platform approved by the Secretary of State and the Department of Technology, Management and Budget; the vendor onboards the notary with the Office of the Great Seal before any act MCL 55.286b(1); Dept. of State Standards §A(1) and §B(5)(b) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or a current government photo ID; a remote act adds identity proofing and credential analysis through the approved platform MCL 55.285(6)(a)-(d) | Not addressed by geography — appearing through an approved platform's live audio-video technology counts as being in the notary's presence, with no in-state or U.S. requirement stated MCL 55.263(k)(ii); MCL 55.286b(summary) | $10 per notarial act, remote or in person; the statute does not cap what a platform charges for its technology MCL 55.285(7) | At least 10 years for the journal after its last act and for any audio-visual recording of a remote act; a custodian may hold either MCL 55.286b(7), (9), and (10) | None named in the act — the prohibitions cover self-dealing and certifying originals or true copies, not document types MCL 55.286b; MCL 55.291 |
| MinnesotaMNReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | January 1, 2019, enacted by S.F. 893 as Laws of Minnesota 2018, chapter 176, article 1 (which created Minn. Stat. § 358.645); the House companion H.F. 1609 was indefinitely postponed Laws of Minnesota 2018, ch. 176, art. 1, § 30 (effective date); art. 1, § 15 (enacting § 358.645) | Minn. Stat. §§ 358.51-358.76 (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts), with remote online notarization at § 358.645; no MN administrative rule chapter for RON was found on revisor.mn.gov or sos.mn.gov Minn. Stat. § 358.51 (short title); § 358.645, Subd. 14 (citation as the Remote Online Notarization Act) | A commissioned MN notary must register with the Secretary of State before performing any remote online notarization and certify use of conforming communication technology Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 2(b) | Personal knowledge of the signer, OR remote presentation of a valid government-issued photo ID plus credential analysis plus identity proofing (knowledge-based Q&A, min. 80% correct) Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 7(b); Subd. 5(1) | May be outside Minnesota anywhere in the U.S. with no extra condition stated; outside the U.S. only if the notary has no actual knowledge the act is prohibited there and the signer confirms a U.S. court/property/transaction connection Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 3(a)(1)-(3) | $25 cap, but the statute applies that cap only to acts performed before January 1, 2023; no fee limit is stated in § 358.645 for acts on or after that date Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 3(c)(summary) | At least 10 years for both the electronic journal and the audio-video recording; held by the notary, or by written agreement the notary's employer or another qualifying repository Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 4(d) | None named in § 358.645 (read Subd. 1-14 in full; no carve-out for wills, trusts, real property, or depositions appears in the remote online notarization section) Minn. Stat. § 358.645, Subd. 1-14 (entire section) |
| MississippiMS | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| MissouriMOReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | August 28, 2020, enacted by 2020 H.B. 1655 RSMo 486.1100 (session-law note) | RSMo 486.1100-486.1205 (RON-specific), supplementing 486.600-486.820 and 486.900-486.1010; admin rule 15 CSR 30-110.030-.080 RSMo 486.1105; 15 CSR 30-110.030-.080(summary) | Must already be a commissioned Missouri notary, then separately register RON capability with the Secretary of State before performing any remote online notarial act, and use SOS-approved software RSMo 486.1120.1-.2; 486.1115.3(summary) | Personal knowledge, or (if approved by SOS rule) remote presentation of a photo ID plus credential analysis plus identity proofing, or any other SOS-rule-approved method, or a valid certificate meeting SOS rules RSMo 486.1145.1(summary) | Signer may be in Missouri, elsewhere in the U.S., or outside the U.S. if electronic notarization is not prohibited in that jurisdiction at the time of the act RSMo 486.1155.2(summary) | $5 per signature for an acknowledgment or jurat, plus an additional RON transaction fee only if agreed to in advance and disclosed as separate/not mandated (no dollar cap stated on that add-on fee) RSMo 486.960.2(1)-(2); 486.1160(summary) | Electronic journal entries kept at least 10 years from the entry date; audio-video recording kept at least 10 years; the notary or a designated custodian (employer, or an SOS-standard-meeting repository) holds them RSMo 486.1190.4; 486.1195.2, .4; 15 CSR 30-110.070(2)(B)(summary) | No wills/trusts/real-property/deposition carve-out found; instead the act limits ALL remote online notarial acts to only an acknowledgment or a jurat, by no other method RSMo 486.1140(summary) |
| MontanaMTReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Remote (webcam) notarization first enacted 2015 (Ch. 391, L. 2015); full RON under RULONA effective Oct. 1, 2019 (H.B. 370, signed April 3, 2019, Ch. 123, L. 2019). §1-5-615, MCA (compiler's History note); 10 Highlights of Changes to Montana's Notary Laws (SOS)(summary) | MCA Title 1, ch. 5, part 6 (§§ 1-5-601 to 1-5-632); ARM Title 44, ch. 15, subch. 1 (notaries public, incl. remote/online notarization rules). MCA Title 1, ch. 5, part 6; ARM Title 44, ch. 15, subch. 1 | Before the notary's first electronic/remote act: select an approved e-notarization system or communication technology, notify the Secretary of State, complete approved training, and pass an exam (§1-5-615, MCA). §1-5-615, MCA | In person: personal knowledge, or satisfactory evidence (govt ID/credential, or oath of a credible witness). Remote appearance: two or more SOS-approved technologies (e.g., knowledge-based auth, public key certificate, identity proofing, credential analysis) (§1-5-603, MCA). §1-5-603, MCA(summary) | Statute does not confine the signer to Montana. If the signer is outside the U.S., the short-form certificate requires the record to relate to a U.S. court/governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction (§1-5-610(9)-(10), MCA). §1-5-610(9)-(10), MCA(summary) | $10 cap per notarial act; a notary may add a separate fee for an electronic or remote notarization only if the signer agrees to the amount in advance — statute states no separate dollar cap on that added fee (§1-5-626, MCA). §1-5-626(1)-(2), MCA(summary) | 10 years. The audio-visual recording is retained by the notarial officer (or transmitted to an SOS-approved repository); the journal is likewise retained 10 years by the notary, or transmitted to an approved repository (§1-5-618, MCA). §1-5-618, MCA(summary) | None named in the act — §§1-5-602 (definitions), 1-5-603 (identification), and 1-5-610 (short forms), MCA, define notarial acts and records generically with no carve-out read for wills, trusts, real property, or other document classes. §§ 1-5-602, 1-5-603, 1-5-610, MCA |
| NebraskaNEReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Enacted by LB186 (2019); provisions were set to take effect July 1, 2020, but Gov. Ricketts's executive order allowed early implementation, in effect by April 16, 2020 (COVID response). LB186 (2019); Nebraska Judicial Branch news release, Apr. 16, 2020(summary) | Online Notary Public Act, Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 64-401 to 64-420; implementing rules at Title 433 (Nebraska Admin. Code), Chapter 8, Online Notaries Public. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-401; Title 433 Neb. Admin. Code, Ch. 8, § 001.01 | A person must already hold a valid Nebraska notary commission, complete the SOS-approved education course/exam, pay the registration fee, and register with the Secretary of State to act online. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-403(1)-(2) | Personal knowledge of the signer; OR remote gov't-issued ID presentation + credential analysis + identity proofing; OR oath of a credible witness with personal knowledge (conditions apply). Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-411(2)(a)-(c) | May be outside Nebraska, since § 64-411(1) allows the act regardless of whether the principal is physically in-state; the Act does not separately address signers located outside the U.S. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-411(1)(summary) | Not to exceed $25 per online notarial act, in addition to any fee allowed under § 33-133. (Separately, SOS registration/renewal as an online notary is capped at $100 under § 64-405 — a notary cost, not a per-signing fee.) Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-412; § 64-405 | The online notary public (not the state) must keep the electronic record, including any audio-video recording, for at least 10 years after the transaction; a backup copy is also required. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-409(1)(f), (2)(b), (3) | Laws governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils, or testamentary trusts; and Uniform Commercial Code matters other than UCC Article 2 (sales) and Article 2A (leases) still require physical presence. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-418(2)(a)-(b) |
| NevadaNVReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | Enacting act confirmed as A.B. 413 (2017 Legislature); exact effective date not confirmed on a primary source, or elsewhere commonly cited as July 1, 2018 NAC Ch. 240 (electronic notarization regulation), Authority line; A.B. 413 (2017), Legislative Counsel's Digest(summary) | NRS 240.181-240.206 (cited in statute as the Electronic Notarization Enabling Act; audio-video remote provisions at NRS 240.1993-240.1999); NAC 240.700-240.722 (electronic-notarization regulations) NRS 240.181; NAC 240.700-240.722 | Must be a commissioned Nevada notary who registers electronically with the Secretary of State: $50 registration fee, existing oath/bond under NRS 240.030/240.033, plus a required course of study NRS 240.192(1) | Personal knowledge, or credential analysis plus remote presentation of a government ID plus a dynamic knowledge-based authentication assessment, or another SOS-approved method or valid certificate NRS 240.1997(1)(summary) | May be outside Nevada anywhere in the U.S.; outside the U.S. only if the notary has no knowledge the act is prohibited there and the document ties to a U.S. court/agency, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction NRS 240.1993(1)(summary) | $25 for an acknowledgment (per signature), $25 for a jurat (per signature), $25 for an oath/affirmation; plus an optional separate travel fee only if in-person travel is requested NRS 240.197(1)(a), (1)(d)(summary) | Audio-video recording kept by the electronic notary at least 7 years; electronic journal kept under the notary's sole control and, after registration ends, retained 7 more years NRS 240.1995(4); NRS 240.201(2)(b), (7)(summary) | None named in the act NRS 240.198(1)-(4) (read in full; no document-class carve-out appears anywhere in NRS 240.181-240.206) |
| New HampshireNHReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | February 6, 2022 (RSA 456-B:6-a took effect that date, enacted by S.B. 134 as 2021 N.H. Laws ch. 206, Pt. II, Sec. 7 — an omnibus act whose Part II remainder carries the Feb. 6, 2022 effective date) RSA 456-B:6-a, source note | RSA 456-B (Uniform Law on Notarial Acts), esp. 456-B:6-a for remote acts, plus fee section RSA 455:11; SOS rulemaking is authorized under RSA 541-A but no specific rule chapter was confirmed on a primary source RSA 456-B (ch. title); RSA 456-B:6-a, VIII(summary) | Must notify the Secretary of State before the notary's first remote act and identify the technologies to be used, conforming to any standards the SOS has adopted RSA 456-B:6-a, VII(summary) | Personal knowledge, or a credible witness's oath, or at least 2 types of identity proofing (credential analysis meeting the MISMO RON v1 standard satisfies this unless SOS sets its own rule) RSA 456-B:6-a, III(a) and X(summary) | Not restricted to New Hampshire (only the notary must be located in-state); signing from outside the U.S. is allowed only if the record involves a U.S. official/court or U.S. property/transaction, and the foreign state does not prohibit the act RSA 456-B:6-a, III and III(d)(summary) | $25 per act for a remotely located individual; no separate technology fee is stated in the statute RSA 455:11, III | At least 10 years for both the audio-visual recording and the journal entry, unless a different period is set by SOS rule; held by the notary (or guardian/representative) or an SOS-approved repository RSA 456-B:6-a, VI; RSA 456-B:8-c, I(summary) | Wills and estate-planning trusts fall outside the standard remote process, and may be remotely executed only where the notary is a New Hampshire-licensed attorney or a justice of the peace acting under the separate estate-document provision. RSA 456-B:2, VII(summary) |
| New JerseyNJReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | October 20, 2021 (P.L. 2021, c. 179, approved July 22, 2021; the remote-notarization sections took effect on the 90th day) P.L.2021, c.179, §39 (uncodified effective-date clause) and enactment date(summary) | N.J.S.A. 52:7-10 et seq. (P.L. 2021, c. 179) — § 52:7-10.10 (remote online notarization), 52:7-10.15, 52:7-10.18 (journal); fees at N.J.S.A. 22A:4-14; rules at N.J.A.C. 17:50 P.L.2021, c.179 (N.J.S.A. 52:7-10 et seq.); N.J.A.C. 17:50 | Notify the State Treasurer electronically before the first remote act and identify the technology to be used; if the Treasurer has adopted standards, the technology must conform and be approved N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(m) [P.L.2021, c.179, §19(m)] | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath (in person or by communication technology), or at least two different types of identity proofing — a third party's review of personal information from public or private data sources N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(d)(1), (a)(3) | Anywhere, including outside New Jersey — the act is deemed performed in New Jersey; outside the U.S. only for a U.S.-connected record, and not where the foreign state prohibits the act N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(q)(1) and (d)(4) [P.L.2021, c.179, §19.q(1) and §19.d(4)](summary) | The general schedule applies: $2.50 per act for oaths, affidavits and acknowledgments; $15 for a real-estate-transfer acknowledgment; $25 for a real-estate-financing acknowledgment; no separate online fee N.J.S.A. 22A:4-14 fee schedule as published under N.J.A.C. 17:50 (NJ Notary Public Manual, Ch. 11, 'Fees for Notarial Services')(summary) | Audio-visual recording at least 10 years (notary, representative or designated repository); journal 10 years after its last act, or transmitted to the Division of Revenue or an approved repository N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(l) [P.L.2021, c.179, §19.l]; journal retention at N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.18(d) [§27.d] | Wills and codicils (N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(b)); the electronic-transactions law separately keeps wills, codicils and testamentary trusts off electronic signatures N.J.S.A. 52:7-10.10(b) [P.L.2021, c.179, §19.b]; also N.J.S.A. 12A:12-3(b) (UETA carve-out for wills, codicils, testamentary trusts) |
| New MexicoNMReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | January 1, 2022, enacted by SB 12 (2021 N.M. Laws, ch. 21) SB 12 (2021), 55th Leg., 1st Sess., § 36 (Effective Date clause) | NMSA 1978 Ch. 14, Art. 14A (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts), §§ 14-14A-1 through 14-14A-36; remote-notarization rules at 12.9.3 NMAC and 12.9.4 NMAC NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-1 et seq.; 12.9.3 NMAC; 12.9.4 NMAC | Must already hold a NM notary/automatic notarial officer commission, complete the Remote Online Notary education course and exam, file the RON application ($75 fee), and notify the Secretary of State before the first remote act NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-5(G); 12.9.3 NMAC(summary) | Personal knowledge of the signer, or a credible witness's oath/affirmation, or satisfactory evidence from at least two different types of identity proofing (credential analysis plus knowledge-based authentication) NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-5(C)(1)(summary) | May be outside New Mexico; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official or U.S.-connected property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the foreign state where the signer is located NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-5(C)(4)(summary) | $25.00 technology fee per remote notarial act, plus the standard per-act fee: $5.00 for an acknowledgment, oath, or jurat, or $0.50/page (minimum $5.00) for a copy certification 12.9.3.11.A NMAC; NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-28(summary) | 10 years for both: the notary's journal (kept by the notary or transmitted to the Secretary of State/State Records Administrator) and the audiovisual recording (kept by the notary or a designated repository) NMSA 1978 §§ 14-14A-5(F), 14-14A-18(summary) | None named in the act NMSA 1978 § 14-14A-5 |
| New YorkNYReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | January 31, 2023 (enacted by S7780, Chapter 104 of the Laws of 2022, which added Executive Law § 135-c) 2022 N.Y. Laws ch. 104 (S7780) § 3; N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c | N.Y. Executive Law § 135-c (electronic notarization), § 136 (fees), § 137; rule at 19 NYCRR Part 182 (effective January 25, 2023) N.Y. Exec. Law §§ 135-c, 136, 137; 19 NYCRR Part 182 | Register the capability to notarize electronically with the Secretary of State (NY Business Express, form DOS-0033) and pay the registration fee before any electronic act; use a provider meeting 19 NYCRR Part 182 standards N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(3)(a); 19 NYCRR 182.4(a)(1)-(2), 182.10(b) | Personal knowledge, a witness personally known to both signer and notary, or two or more processes — remote presentation of a government ID, credential analysis, and identity proofing to NIST IAL2 N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(2)(a)(iv); 19 NYCRR 182.5(c), 182.6, 182.7(summary) | The notary must be in New York; the signer may be anywhere, and a signer outside the U.S. confirms on the recording that the record relates to a U.S. court, official, property or a U.S.-connected transaction N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(4)(a); 19 NYCRR 182.4(a)(3), (9)(summary) | $25 per electronic notarial act, inclusive of all the notary's costs (in-person acts carry the separate § 136 fees, e.g., $2) 19 NYCRR 182.11(g); N.Y. Exec. Law § 136(3) | At least 10 years, kept by the notary (secure third-party storage permitted) and producible to the Secretary of State on request N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(2)(b); 19 NYCRR 182.8(b), 182.9(b)-(c) | None in § 135-c itself, but the record must be one that may lawfully carry an electronic signature — State Technology Law § 307 excludes wills, trusts, health-care directives and powers of attorney (with narrow exceptions) N.Y. Exec. Law § 135-c(4)(a)(i), (10); N.Y. State Technology Law § 307(1)(summary) |
| North CarolinaNCReviewed 2026-08-24 | Out-of-state notary path | RENA enacted 2022 (S.L. 2022-54) but not yet operative — pushed to July 1, 2027 or first RON platform license, whichever is earlier. G.S. 10B-25(n); sosnc.gov eNotary alert re: HB 517 (2026 extension)(summary) | N.C.G.S. Ch.10B Art.2 Pt.4A §§10B-134.1–134.19 (RON, enacted, not yet operative); interim regime G.S. 10B-25 (Art.1); rules 18 NCAC 07 Subch. D,F,H,I. N.C.G.S. Chapter 10B, Article 2, Part 4A, §§10B-134.1–134.19; G.S. 10B-25; 18 NCAC Ch.07 Subch. D/F/H/I(summary) | RON (not live): register with SOS incl. platform used (G.S. 10B-106). EVN (current): any commissioned notary may perform it, no separate registration (G.S. 10B-25(a)). G.S. 10B-106(a); G.S. 10B-25(a)(summary) | RON (not live): personal knowledge OR vendor credential analysis + identity proofing + notary's own comparison (G.S. 10B-134.11). EVN: personal knowledge or 1 photo ID (G.S. 10B-25(d)). G.S. 10B-134.11(a); G.S. 10B-25(d)(summary) | EVN (current): signer must verify they are physically present in NC (G.S. 10B-25(c)). RON (not live): signer anywhere in US, or overseas if military/embassy (G.S. 10B-134.1(10)). G.S. 10B-25(c); G.S. 10B-134.1(10)(summary) | RON under Pt.4A (not live): $25 per signature (G.S. 10B-31(4)). EVN today: standard $10 paper / $15 electronic acknowledgment fee applies (G.S. 10B-31(1),(3)). G.S. 10B-31(1), (3), (4)(summary) | 10 years, held by the notary, under both regimes: RON journal (G.S. 10B-134.15(b)(2)) and EVN journal (G.S. 10B-25(i)); RON recordings also can't be destroyed early. G.S. 10B-25(i); G.S. 10B-134.15(b)(2), (d)(summary) | RON (not live) bars self-proved wills, trusts (except certs), codicils, parental-rights docs, absentee ballots (G.S. 10B-134.3(c)). EVN bars only absentee ballots (G.S. 10B-25(a)). G.S. 10B-134.3(c); G.S. 10B-25(a)(summary) |
| North DakotaNDReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | August 1, 2019 — enacted by 2019 N.D. H.B. 1110 (2019 Sess. Laws ch. 376), which created N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1 2019 N.D. Sess. Laws ch. 376 (H.B. 1110); N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1 | N.D.C.C. ch. 44-06.1 (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts), esp. §§ 44-06.1-13.1, -16.1, -28; SOS has not adopted a notary rule chapter under N.D. Admin. Code Title 72 N.D.C.C. ch. 44-06.1, chapter heading; N.D. Admin. Code Title 72 index (Secretary of State) | Must notify the Secretary of State before the first RON act and name the communication-technology provider, via a Notary Public Amendment filed in the FirstStop Portal (§44-06.1-13.1(12)) N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1(12) | Personal knowledge of the signer, at least two different types of identity proofing, or oath/affirmation from a credible witness appearing before the notary (§44-06.1-13.1(3)(a)) N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1(3)(a) | Not limited to ND signers; if the signer is outside the U.S., the record must involve a U.S. court/official/entity or U.S. property/transaction, and must not be prohibited by the foreign state's law (§44-06.1-13.1(3)(d)) N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-13.1(3)(d)(summary) | $5 per notarial act cap (§44-06.1-28(1)); notary may also charge a technology fee for RON if agreed to in advance, with no dollar cap stated in the statute (§44-06.1-28(3)) N.D.C.C. § 44-06.1-28(1) and (3)(summary) | 10 years for both the audiovisual recording and the notary journal; recording held by the notary (or the notary's guardian/agent/personal representative) or a designated repository (§§44-06.1-13.1(11), 44-06.1-16.1) N.D.C.C. §§ 44-06.1-13.1(11), 44-06.1-16.1 | None named in the act — N.D.C.C. ch. 44-06.1 and §44-06.1-13.1 apply generally to all notarial acts, with no carve-out for wills, trusts, real property, or depositions N.D.C.C. ch. 44-06.1 (full chapter reviewed, including § 44-06.1-13.1) |
| OhioOHReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | September 20, 2019 R.C. 147.61 (S.B. 263, 132nd G.A.) | R.C. 147.60–147.66 (Ohio's online notarization chapter) R.C. 147.61 | Not researched | Personal knowledge, or a government photo ID with credential analysis and identity proofing, or identification by a credible witness R.C. 147.64(C)(summary) | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the act is not known to be prohibited where the signer is, and the record is U.S.-connected (a U.S. court or government filing, or U.S. property) R.C. 147.64(D)(summary) | Up to $30, plus a technology fee of up to $10 for the online notarization system R.C. 147.08(A)(2), (D)(2) | 10 years — the electronic journal, including the identification recordings, goes to the Secretary of State or an approved repository when the authorization ends R.C. 147.65 | Depositions — an online notary may not take or certify a deposition as an online notarization R.C. 147.64(A)(3) |
| OklahomaOKReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | January 1, 2020 — enacted by SB 915 (2019), Laws 2019, c. 338 SB 915 (2019), SECTION 17 (Laws 2019, c. 338, codified as a note to 49 O.S. § 201) | 49 O.S. §§ 201-214 (Remote Online Notary Act); implementing rules at OAC 655:25-11 (Subchapter 11, Secretary of State) OAC 655:25-11-1 (Purpose); 49 O.S. § 201(A) | Must register with the Secretary of State and receive written authorization before the notary's first remote online notarization ($25 application fee) 49 O.S. § 204(A)-(B) | Personal knowledge; OR remote presentation of a government ID plus credential analysis plus identity proofing; OR oath/affirmation of a credible witness known to or verified by the notary 49 O.S. § 208(B)(1)-(3) | May be outside Oklahoma or outside the U.S.; an outside-U.S. signer requires a U.S.-connected record and no notary knowledge that the foreign state prohibits the act 49 O.S. § 205(1)-(3) | $25.00 flat cap per remote online notarial act; no separate technology fee stated in the statute 49 O.S. § 209 | At least 10 years for both the audio-visual recording and the journal, held by the notary (or guardian/agent/personal rep) or a designated depository 49 O.S. § 206(D) | None named in 49 O.S. §§ 201-214; the Act separately bars notaries from performing shorthand-reporter functions (testimony, transcripts), not any document type 49 O.S. § 201(B) |
| OregonORReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | Effective on passage (emergency clause), HB 4212, passed by the Legislature June 26, 2020 (2020 1st Special Session, Or Laws 2020 s.s.1 ch. 12); made permanent by SB 765 (2021, Or Laws 2021 ch. 344) HB 4212 (2020 1st Special Session) §49, enacted as Or Laws 2020 s.s.1 ch. 12 §20 (codified ORS 194.277); made permanent by SB 765, Or Laws 2021 ch. 344(summary) | ORS 194.205 to 194.440 (Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts), esp. ORS 194.277 (remote acts) and 194.400 (fees); OAR chapter 160, division 100 (Notaries Public) ORS ch. 194 (194.205–194.440); OAR ch. 160, div. 100 (OAR 160-100-0000 et seq.) | Must notify the Secretary of State before the first remote act, identify the technology used, and complete RON training and select an approved vendor before filing the notice. ORS 194.277(7)(summary) | Personal knowledge of the notary, OR a credible witness's sworn ID verification, OR at least two different types of identity proofing (credential analysis + data-source check) ORS 194.277(3)(a)(A)-(C)(summary) | Signer may be outside Oregon and outside the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the record must involve a U.S. court/official or U.S.-connected property/transaction, and signing must not be barred by that foreign state ORS 194.277(3)(d)(summary) | $25 per act performed under ORS 194.277, versus $10 for a standard act; a separate travel fee is allowed only where the signer agrees to the amount in advance. ORS 194.400(1)-(2)(summary) | Audiovisual recording: at least 10 years after it is made, held by the notary or a designated repository (194.277(6)); journal: 10 years after the last act (194.300(1)) ORS 194.277(6); ORS 194.300(1)(summary) | None named in the act ORS 194.205 to 194.440, reviewed in full (194.225, 194.277, 194.300, 194.350, 194.400 in particular) — no document-class carve-out found |
| PennsylvaniaPAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | October 29, 2020 (H.B. 2370, enacted as Act 97 of 2020, added § 306.1, effective immediately) 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1, history note; Act 97 of 2020 (P.L. 1030, No. 97) | 57 Pa.C.S. Chapter 3 (RULONA, §§ 301–331) — remote acts at § 306.1; rules at 4 Pa. Code Chapter 167 57 Pa.C.S. Chapter 3 (§§ 301–331); 4 Pa. Code Chapter 167 | Notify the Department of State at notaries.pa.gov before the first remote act, identify each technology, and use a Department-approved remote notarization technology provider 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1(f), § 320; 4 Pa. Code §§ 167.81, 167.82 | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or at least two different types of identity proofing 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1(b)(1) | Anywhere outside the notary's physical presence, including outside Pennsylvania; outside the U.S. only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or property, or a U.S.-connected transaction, and the foreign state does not prohibit the act 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1(i), (b)(4)(summary) | Up to $20 per act performed electronically or by communication technology, on top of the standard per-act fee (e.g., $5 for an acknowledgment) 4 Pa. Code § 167.3(a)–(b) | Audio-visual recording: at least 10 years, by the notary or a designated repository; the journal has no fixed term and goes to the county Recorder of Deeds within 30 days when the commission ends 57 Pa.C.S. § 306.1(e) (recording); 57 Pa.C.S. § 319 (journal)(summary) | None named in the act — Chapter 3 applies to every notarial act performed after its effective date 57 Pa.C.S. § 303 (Applicability); Chapter 3 generally |
| Rhode IslandRIReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | June 30, 2022 (RULONA's remote-notarization sections, enacted by P.L. 2022, ch. 438 §3 and companion ch. 439 §3) R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1, History of Section | R.I. Gen. Laws ch. 42-30.1 (Uniform Law on Notarial Acts / RULONA), esp. §§ 42-30.1-12.1 and -12.2; no dedicated RON rule chapter located, only the SOS's 'Standards of Conduct' R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1 (chapter heading and section text)(summary) | Must notify the commissioning agency before the first remote act, identify the technology to be used, and per the Secretary of State's guide use an approved solution provider and register a digital stamp or signature. R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1(f)(summary) | Personal knowledge, or a credible witness's oath/affirmation, or at least two different types of identity proofing (the SOS guide names ID-document check plus KBA) R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1(b)(1)(summary) | May be outside Rhode Island; if outside the U.S., the record must relate to a U.S. court/official/property/transaction, and the act must not be prohibited by the signer's foreign jurisdiction R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1(b)(4)(summary) | $25 per document or notarization, the same cap that applies to an in-person act; no separate technology fee is stated in the statute R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-20.1(a)-(b)(summary) | The audio-visual recording must be retained at least 10 years by the notary, or by a repository designated on the notary's behalf; the statute does not separately require a paper journal R.I. Gen. Laws § 42-30.1-12.1(e)(summary) | None named in the act — the remote-notarization section and the Prohibited Acts section list no wills/trusts/real-property/deposition carve-outs R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 42-30.1-12.1(b), 42-30.1-18 |
| South CarolinaSCReviewed 2026-08-23 | Restricted | Not researched | S.C. Code Ann. tit. 26, ch. 2 (Electronic Notary Public Act) S.C. Code Ann. § 26-2-10 et seq. | Not researched | Not researched | In the notary's physical presence — the principal must appear in person before the electronic notary at the time of notarization S.C. Code Ann. § 26-2-50(A)(1) | $10 per signature for acknowledgments, oaths and affirmations, attestations and jurats S.C. Code Ann. § 26-2-70(B) | Not researched | Wills and trusts (the chapter does not apply to them), and the separate S.C. requirement that a licensed attorney supervise a real-estate closing is left untouched S.C. Code Ann. §§ 26-2-200, 26-2-210 |
| South DakotaSD | Out-of-state notary path | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched | Not researched |
| TennesseeTNReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | July 1, 2019 (enacted 2018 as SB 1758 / 2018 Tenn. Pub. Ch. 931, the Online Notary Public Act) SB 1758 § 3 (2018 Tenn. Pub. Ch. 931); T.C.A. § 8-16-301 | T.C.A. §§ 8-16-301 to 8-16-313 (Online Notary Public Act); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 1360-07-03 (Online Notaries Public rules) T.C.A. §§ 8-16-301 to 8-16-313; Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 1360-07-03 | Must already be a commissioned TN notary, then apply to the Sec. of State (course, exam, vendor contract, $75 fee) for an online notary commission before acting Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.01(1), -.02(1)(p),(2); T.C.A. § 8-16-306(summary) | Personal knowledge of the principal, or remote presentation of a govt-issued photo ID plus credential analysis and identity proofing (5-question KBA quiz) T.C.A. § 8-16-310(b); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.03(4), -.05(3)(summary) | Signer need not be in TN if the notary is (Sec. 8-16-310(a)); the notarization must tie to TN: real estate, a TN contract, TN debt, TN law, or a TN court filing (Sec. 8-16-307(3)) T.C.A. §§ 8-16-307(3), 8-16-310(a); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.03(2)(summary) | $25 max per online notarization (T.C.A. § 8-16-311; Rule 1360-07-03-.06), in addition to other notary fees otherwise authorized under Title 8, Ch. 16 T.C.A. § 8-16-311; Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.06(summary) | Online notary (or a designated custodian/repository) must keep the secure e-record, incl. A/V recording, for at least 5 yrs after the transaction, plus a backup T.C.A. § 8-16-308(a),(c); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-07-03-.03(8),(12)(summary) | None named in the Online Notary Public Act (TCA 8-16-301 to 313) or its rules (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 1360-07-03) - no document-type carve-outs found T.C.A. §§ 8-16-301 to 8-16-313 (entire part reviewed); Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 1360-07-03 (entire chapter reviewed) |
| TexasTXReviewed 2026-08-23 | RON authorized | July 1, 2018 Tex. Gov't Code ch. 406, subch. C (H.B. 1217, 2017) | Tex. Gov't Code ch. 406, subch. C (Online Notary Public, § 406.101 et seq.) Tex. Gov't Code § 406.101 | Not researched | Personal knowledge, or a government photo ID with credential analysis plus identity proofing Tex. Gov't Code § 406.110(b)(summary) | Anywhere, in or out of Texas — the statute applies regardless of whether the principal is physically located in the state Tex. Gov't Code § 406.110(a)(summary) | Up to $25 for the online act, in addition to the base notarial fees under § 406.024 Tex. Gov't Code § 406.111(summary) | At least 5 years for the electronic record, including the audio-video recording Tex. Gov't Code § 406.108(c) | None named in ch. 406 itself — other Texas law adds formalities for some documents (an attested will, for example, involves witnesses signing in the testator's presence under Estates Code § 251.051) Tex. Est. Code § 251.051 |
| UtahUTReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | November 1, 2019, enacted by H.B. 52, "Remote Notarization Standards," Laws of Utah 2019, Chapter 192 Utah Code § 46-1-3.5 (effective-date banner + enactment note) | Utah Code §§ 46-1-2, 46-1-3.5 to 46-1-3.7, 46-1-6, 46-1-12 to 46-1-16 (Notaries Public Reform Act), plus rules under § 46-1-3.7 (rule chapter cited elsewhere as Utah Admin. Code R623-100, not independently opened this session) Utah Code § 46-1-3.7(1)(summary) | A commissioned (or applicant) notary must apply to the lieutenant governor for a remote notary certification, agree to comply with the remote-notarization rules, and pay the application fee Utah Code § 46-1-3.5(1)-(3)(summary) | Unexpired government-issued photo ID or passport, or a credible-witness oath/affirmation (several forms), plus "secondary authentication of identity" (dynamic knowledge-based questions or biometric analysis) required for remote acts specifically Utah Code § 46-1-2(25); § 46-1-3.6(2)(summary) | Statute requires only that the remote notary be physically located in Utah at the time of the act; it states no location requirement for the signer, in Utah, elsewhere in the U.S., or abroad Utah Code § 46-1-3.6(1); § 46-1-2(23) ("remote notarization" defined)(summary) | $25 maximum per notarized item (acknowledgment, jurat, oath/affirmation, copy certification, or signature witnessing) performed as part of a remote notarization; no separate technology fee named Utah Code § 46-1-12(1)(b) | 10 years after the last entry, then destroyed/rendered irretrievable; held by the remote notary or a designated custodian (the notary's employer, or an electronic repository under a written agreement) Utah Code § 46-1-13(3); § 46-1-15(2)(b)(summary) | None named in the act Utah Code § 46-1-6 (Powers and limitations); §§ 46-1-2, 46-1-3.5 to 46-1-3.7, 46-1-13 to 46-1-16 read in full |
| VermontVTReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | July 1, 2022 (2021 Act No. 171, Adj. Sess., § 5, adding 26 V.S.A. § 5379); OPR's permanent rules implementing it took effect Feb. 26, 2025 26 V.S.A. § 5379, historical/amendment note(summary) | 26 V.S.A. ch. 103, §§ 5301-5380 (RULONA); remote acts at § 5379, technology standards at § 5380; implemented by Admin. Rules for Notaries Public (Vt. OPR, eff. 2/26/2025) 26 V.S.A. ch. 103 (§§ 5301-5380) | A notary must already hold a commission and obtain a separate 'special endorsement' from OPR before notarizing an electronic record or acting for a remotely located individual 26 V.S.A. § 5341(d) | Personal knowledge (§5365(a)), OR a credible witness's oath/affirmation (§5365(b)), OR at least two different types of identity proofing -- notary's choice 26 V.S.A. § 5379(b)(2)(A)-(C)(summary) | Anywhere in the U.S.; if outside the U.S., the act must be lawful there and the record must involve a U.S. court/official matter, U.S. property, or a U.S.-connected transaction 26 V.S.A. § 5379(b)(5); Admin. Rules for Notaries Public Pt. 8-4(summary) | No statutory cap. Ch. 103 sets only application fees under § 5324 ($30 commission; $30 special endorsement); no section or rule caps the per-act fee 26 V.S.A. § 5324 | 7 yrs from the act, per OPR rule (Pt. 8-2(f), eff. 2/26/25), kept by the notary, a guardian/agent, personal rep, or designated repository. Statute default is 10 yrs (§5379(k)) Admin. Rules for Notaries Public, Pt. 8-2(f); 26 V.S.A. § 5379(k)(summary) | None named in the act. § 5379 (remote notarization) and § 5305 (exemptions) contain no carve-out for wills, trusts, real property, or other document types 26 V.S.A. § 5379; § 5305 |
| VirginiaVAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | July 1, 2012 (video/audio-conference provisions of the companion bills H.B. 2318, 2011 Acts ch. 731, and S.B. 827, 2011 Acts ch. 834; electronic notarization generally since 2007) 2011 Va. Acts ch. 731 (H 2318), enactment clause 2 | Va. Code Title 47.1 (Virginia Notary Act) — §§ 47.1-2, 47.1-6.1, 47.1-7, 47.1-13 to 47.1-15, 47.1-19; the Secretary of the Commonwealth's standards sit outside the Administrative Code (§ 47.1-6.1) Va. Code § 47.1-6.1 | Register as an electronic notary with the Secretary of the Commonwealth, describing the signature technology and certifying compliance with the Secretary's standards; notify within 90 days of changing technology Va. Code § 47.1-7(A)-(C) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness personally known to the notary, or at least two of: credential analysis of a government ID, identity proofing, a PIV or digital certificate, or a knowledge-based authentication quiz Va. Code § 47.1-2 (definition of "satisfactory evidence of identity")(summary) | Not limited by statute — the act is deemed performed in Virginia when the electronic notary is physically in the Commonwealth, wherever the signer is Va. Code § 47.1-13(D); see also § 47.1-11.1 (notary's in-state location requirement)(summary) | Up to $25 per electronic notarial act (vs. up to $10 for a paper act); no separate technology fee named Va. Code § 47.1-19(B) | At least 5 years for the electronic journal record and, where video/audio conference established identity, a copy of the recording — kept by the notary Va. Code § 47.1-14(C)-(D) | None named in the act — the Powers and Prohibitions sections restrict conduct, not document types Va. Code §§ 47.1-12, 47.1-15 |
| WashingtonWAReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | October 1, 2020 (SB 5641, 2019 — 2019 c 154) RCW 42.45.280, session note to 2019 c 154 s 1 | Chapter 42.45 RCW (RULONA) — remote acts at RCW 42.45.280, electronic records at 42.45.190; rules at Chapter 308-30 WAC RCW 42.45.010–.902; WAC 308-30 | Hold an electronic records notary public endorsement, submit a remote notary endorsement application to the Department of Licensing, and notify the director of the technologies to be used before the first remote act RCW 42.45.190(1); RCW 42.45.280(7); WAC 308-30-030(6)–(7) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness under oath, or at least two different types of identity proofing RCW 42.45.280(3)(a) | Anywhere in the U.S.; outside it only when the record relates to a U.S. court, official or governmental matter, or U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction, and the foreign jurisdiction does not prohibit the signing RCW 42.45.280(3)(d)(summary) | Up to $25 per remote notarial act (vs. $15 for a standard act); no separate technology fee named WAC 308-30-220(1), (6) | Journal 10 years after its last act, under the notary's exclusive control; audio-visual recording of a remote act at least 10 years (notary or designated repository) RCW 42.45.180(1),(5) (journal); RCW 42.45.280(6) (recording) | None named in the act — the only bar is the notary's own conflict of interest RCW ch. 42.45 (full chapter, read in full 2026-08-24); RCW 42.45.020(2)(a)-(b) |
| West VirginiaWVReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | June 17, 2021 (90 days after March 19, 2021 passage), under 2021 SB 469 which added RON (§39-4-37) and RIN (§39-4-38) 2021 W.Va. SB 469 (Enrolled Committee Substitute), passage/effective-date line on the bill text page(summary) | W. Va. Code §39-4-37 (Remote Online Notarial Act) and §39-4-38 (Remote Ink Notarial Act), Ch.39 Art.4 (RULONA); notary technology rules at W. Va. C.S.R. 153 CSR 45 W. Va. Code §39-4-37 | Must already be a commissioned notary; before the first remote act, notify the Secretary of State and identify the technology to be used (§39-4-37(g)); SOS also requires a Form N-2 e-Notarization application, no fee W. Va. Code §39-4-37(g) | Personal knowledge, or credible-witness oath, or at least two different types of identity proofing (RON, §39-4-37(c)(1)); RIN allows those plus a government-issued photo ID review, §39-4-38(a)(2) W. Va. Code §39-4-37(c)(1)(summary) | No bar on signing from outside West Virginia; signing from outside the U.S. is allowed only if the notary is commissioned as an Out-of-State Commissioner and the record ties to a WV court, property, or transaction W. Va. Code §39-4-37(c)(4)(summary) | $10.00 maximum per notarial act (general RULONA cap; the statute names no separate online/technology fee) — W. Va. Code §39-4-30(c) W. Va. Code §39-4-30(c) | Audio-visual recording retained at least 5 years by the notary, the notary's agent, or a repository the notary designates (§39-4-37(f)); RIN recording likewise 5 years, held by the notary or agent, §39-4-38(b)(2) W. Va. Code §39-4-37(f)(summary) | None named in the act W. Va. Code §39-4-37 and §39-4-38, full text reviewed |
| WisconsinWIReviewed 2026-08-24 | RON authorized | May 1, 2020, under 2019 Wisconsin Act 125 (signed March 3, 2020) Wisconsin Legislative Council Act Memo, 2019 Wisconsin Act 125 (Apr. 6, 2020) | Wis. Stat. ch. 140, specifically ss. 140.145, 140.147, 140.20; Wis. Admin. Code ch. DFI-CCS 25 DFI, Guidance for Notaries Seeking to Perform Notarial Acts for Remotely Located Individuals (NOT71P, rev. Mar. 2024), § 1.1 | Must already be a commissioned WI notary (no separate RON commission); before the first remote act, must notify DFI, identify the technology, and use a DFI/Remote Notary Council-approved technology provider or approved alternative process Wis. Stat. § 140.145(7); Wis. Admin. Code § DFI-CCS 25.03(1)(summary) | Personal knowledge, a credible witness's oath/affirmation, or at least 2 different types of identity proofing (DFI has thus far approved credential analysis and dynamic knowledge-based authentication as the 2 types) Wis. Stat. § 140.145(3)(a); DFI Guidance (NOT71P) § 2A.4(summary) | May be anywhere in the U.S. (only the notary must be physically in Wisconsin); if outside the U.S., the record must involve U.S. property or a U.S.-connected transaction or U.S. official/court matter, and the foreign state's law must not prohibit the act Wis. Stat. § 140.145(3), (3)(d)1.b.(summary) | No dollar amount is set in the statute for remote acts — DFI is directed to set the maximum fee by rule (§ 140.27(1)(a)1.); the general in-person notarial fee cap elsewhere in ch. 140 is $5 per act (§ 140.02(9)), and no DFI rule setting a different remote-specific dollar fee was found Wis. Stat. § 140.27(1)(a)1.(summary) | No separate paper notary journal is required by ch. 140; the audio-visual recording of the notarial act must be retained at least 7 years by the notary (or a repository designated by/on behalf of the notary) Wis. Stat. § 140.145(6) | Wills/codicils/testamentary trusts; living trusts/trust amendments for personal use; powers of attorney (except a limited financial POA for a real estate transaction); marital property agreements; health-care POAs, living wills, and health-information-use authorizations — these instead require the separate attorney-supervised procedure in § 140.147 Wis. Stat. § 140.145(10)(summary) |
| WyomingWYReviewed 2026-08-31 | RON authorized | July 1, 2021, enacted by 2021 Wyoming S.F. 0029 (Enrolled Act No. 10, Senate, 66th Legislature), which created the Wyoming Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts, W.S. 32-3-101 to -131 W.S. 32-3-103; 2021 Wyo. Sess. Laws, Enrolled Act No. 10, Senate (S.F. 0029) § 5(a) | Wyoming Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts, W.S. 32-3-101 through 32-3-131 (Title 32, Ch. 3, Art. 1); Wyoming Secretary of State Notary Rules, Chapter 6 (Notarial Acts), ref. 002.0012.6.12022021 W.S. 32-3-101 to 32-3-131; Wyoming SOS Notary Rules Ch. 6 | Before the notary's first notarial act on an electronic record or for a remotely located person, the notary must notify the Secretary of State and identify the electronic notarization system(s) or communication technology intended to be used (W.S. 32-3-120(g)) W.S. 32-3-120(g) | In person: personal knowledge, inspection of an identification credential, or a credible witness; for remote sessions, satisfactory evidence via two or more of dynamic knowledge-based authentication, a public key certificate, identity proofing, or credential analysis (W.S. 32-3-102(a)(xxxi)) W.S. 32-3-102(a)(xxxi)(summary) | May be in Wyoming, elsewhere in the U.S., or outside the U.S. if not prohibited by the foreign state and the record concerns a U.S. court/official matter, U.S. property, or a transaction substantially connected with the U.S. (W.S. 32-3-111(j)) W.S. 32-3-111(j)(summary) | $10 per notarial act, plus an optional technology fee and a travel fee (capped at the IRS standard mileage rate), each only if agreed to in advance and disclosed as separate from the notarial fee (W.S. 32-3-126(b)) W.S. 32-3-126(b)(i),(iii),(iv)(summary) | No fixed number of years is stated in the statute or the Secretary of State's rule; the notary keeps sole possession of the audiovisual recording and sole control of the journal, surrendered only via subpoena, a law-enforcement investigation, or at the Secretary of State's direction (W.S. 32-3-118(b),(c),(f)) W.S. 32-3-118(b),(c),(f); Wyoming SOS Notary Rules Ch. 6 § 3(b), § 4(c)(summary) | None named in the act — the act permits remote online notarization for any notarial act (W.S. 32-3-111(k)) W.S. 32-3-111(k) |
Use this dataset
Published under CC BY 4.0. You may republish, chart, or build on it, including commercially, with attribution.
How to cite this
SignSealShip. “Remote online notarization requirements by U.S. jurisdiction.” Zenodo, 2026-08-31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22213684
That DOI always resolves to the current version. To pin this exact snapshot instead, cite 10.5281/zenodo.22213685. Each value carries its own primary-source citation, so when citing a specific requirement, cite the underlying statute as well — this dataset is a compilation of those sources, not a substitute for them.
Why published counts disagree
This page says 43. Other sources say more. None of them is wrong — they count different things, and the definition is the interesting part.
National Association of Secretaries of State (NASS)
47 states + D.C.“Currently, 47 states and the District of Columbia have a law that allows for remote e-notarization.”
What it counts: Remote e-notarization — the broader category. A state counts if it has a law permitting notarization of an electronic record for a remote signer, whether or not the provisions have taken effect and whether or not implementing rules exist yet.
Source · read 2026-08-31
This dataset
43 jurisdictions“43 of the 51 jurisdictions are classified as authorizing remote online notarization; 7 offer an out-of-state notary path; 1 is restricted.”
What it counts: Whether a notary commissioned in that jurisdiction can perform a remote online notarial act today — provisions in force, not merely enacted. North Carolina is the clearest example of the difference: its Remote Electronic Notarization Act is enacted but not yet operative, so it is counted here as an out-of-state path rather than as a RON jurisdiction.
Source · read 2026-08-31
Corrections
Every change to a published value, newest first. A reference that has never recorded being wrong is either very young or is not checking.
Twelve effective-date citations corrected against primary legislative records
A review comparing every jurisdiction's hero summary against its own sourced facts found twelve that disagreed. Four named a bill that does not exist in that state's legislative history (Arizona “HB 2427”, New Hampshire “HB 1093”, Maine “LD 1868”, Montana “SB 370”). Arkansas was dated two years early. Michigan, Minnesota and Pennsylvania each named a bill that was not the enacting vehicle — Minnesota's House companion had in fact been indefinitely postponed. Rhode Island credited legislation for what was a governor's executive order. Each was re-established against LegiScan's bill history and the state's own records, and both fields are now pinned to each other by an automated check.
Affected: AZ, AR, IN, ME, MI, MN, MT, NH, PA, RI, VT, WV
How this was compiled
Each jurisdiction was researched against its own statute, administrative code, and Secretary of State guidance, then checked a second time by an independent reviewer whose job was to disprove the first result. Values that survived both passes are published with the citation the reviewer confirmed; values that did not are left as “not researched” rather than filled with a plausible answer.
That process changes the data. In the review completed on 2026-08-31, twelve jurisdictions’ effective-date citations were found to be wrong and were corrected against primary legislative records — four of them named bills that do not exist in that state’s history.
Statutes change. The review date on each row is the date that row was last checked, not the date this page was generated, and no row is restamped without being re-read.
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